Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), a leading form of heart disease, occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, resulting in reduced blood flow to the heart. Understanding the causes and symptoms of CAD is essential for early detection and effective treatment.

Causes of Coronary Artery Disease

Several factors contribute to the development of CAD, including:

• Atherosclerosis: This is the primary cause of CAD, characterized by the accumulation of plaque (fatty deposits) in the arterial walls. Over time, this accumulation narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow.
• High Blood Pressure: Hypertension can damage arteries over time, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.
• High Cholesterol Levels: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol contribute to plaque formation, increasing the risk of CAD.
• Smoking: Tobacco use damages blood vessels and promotes the development of atherosclerosis.
• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can lead to damage in the blood vessels and increase the risk of CAD significantly.
• Obesity: Being overweight often leads to high blood pressure and diabetes, both of which are risk factors for CAD.
• Lack of Physical Activity: A sedentary lifestyle can contribute to factors like obesity and high cholesterol, exacerbating the risk of developing CAD.
• Age and Family History: Risk increases with age, and a family history of heart disease can also elevate individual risk.

Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease

Recognizing the symptoms of CAD is crucial for timely intervention. Common symptoms include:

• Chest Pain (Angina): This is a common symptom and often manifests as a feeling of pressure or tightness in the chest. It may occur during physical exertion or stress and typically subsides with rest.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing may occur during physical activity or at rest, often indicating that the heart is not receiving enough blood.
• Fatigue: Unusual tiredness or lack of energy can be a warning sign, especially in women.
• Heart Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats or a racing heart may accompany CAD symptoms.
• Dizziness or Nausea: While less common, these symptoms may occur and should not be ignored.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience persistent or severe chest pain, shortness of breath, or any combination of symptoms, it is essential to seek immediate medical help. Early consultation with a healthcare provider can lead to diagnosis and management strategies to prevent more serious complications, such as heart attacks.

Conclusion

Understanding the causes and recognizing the symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease can empower individuals to take proactive steps toward their heart health. Regular check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and awareness of risk factors play a vital role in reducing the likelihood of developing CAD.