Endocarditis is a serious infection of the inner lining of the heart (the endocardium), which can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. Recognizing the symptoms early is crucial for effective management. This article outlines the key symptoms and signs of endocarditis to help identify this condition promptly.

Fever and Chills
One of the most common symptoms of endocarditis is a persistent fever, often accompanied by chills. Many patients report feeling unwell and experiencing fatigue. A sudden spike in temperature can be a significant indicator that something is wrong.

Heart Murmurs
Patients with endocarditis may develop new or changed heart murmurs. A heart murmur is an unusual sound made by blood flow through the heart. If a physician detects a new murmur during an examination, it may warrant further investigation for endocarditis.

Joint and Muscle Pain
Joint and muscle pain are other prevalent symptoms of endocarditis. Patients may experience persistent aching or stiffness in the joints, which can be mistaken for arthritis. It's essential to consider the timing and context of such pain.

Nail Changes
Unusual changes in the nails can occur with endocarditis. Splinter hemorrhages, which are tiny, red or brown streaks under the nails, can be a sign of this infection. Patients may also notice new or unexpected redness at the base of the nails.

Petechiae and Skin Changes
Small, flat red or purple spots (petechiae) can appear on the skin, especially on the conjunctiva of the eyes or inside the mouth. Additionally, painful lumps may develop under the skin, especially in areas like the fingers and toes.

Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath can indicate that the heart is not functioning correctly due to endocarditis. Patients might feel winded during everyday activities or experience difficulty catching their breath when lying down.

Swelling
Swelling of the feet, legs, or abdomen can occur due to fluid retention associated with heart failure, which can result from endocarditis. This symptom should not be overlooked, especially if it appears suddenly.

Symptoms Related to the Underlying Cause
If endocarditis is linked to certain conditions, such as IV drug use or existing heart defects, symptoms specific to those conditions may also be present. Recognizing these underlying causes and their associated symptoms is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion
Recognizing the early symptoms of endocarditis is vital for prompt treatment and improved outcomes. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications associated with this serious condition.