Pericarditis is an inflammatory condition affecting the pericardium, the double-walled sac that encloses the heart. Understanding the most common causes of pericarditis can help in recognizing symptoms and seeking timely treatment.

Viral Infections

One of the most prevalent causes of pericarditis is viral infections. Common viruses that lead to this condition include:

• Coxsackievirus: Often part of the enterovirus family, it is a leading cause in children and young adults.
• Influenza Virus: The flu can lead to secondary complications, including pericarditis in some cases.
• HIV: The human immunodeficiency virus can also result in pericardial inflammation.

Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections, though less common than viral origins, can result in acute and severe pericarditis. Pathogens include:

• Tuberculosis (TB): TB-associated pericarditis can significantly complicate the clinical picture.
• Pneumococcus and Staphylococcus: These bacterial strains can cause secondary infections leading to inflammation.

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases can also trigger pericarditis by causing inflammation in the body. Notable disorders include:

• Lupus: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often leads to cardiac complications, including pericarditis.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: This chronic inflammatory disorder can affect the heart, resulting in pericardial inflammation.
• Scleroderma: The connective tissue disorder can cause damage to the pericardium.

Post-Myocardial Infarction Syndrome

Known as Dressler's syndrome, post-myocardial infarction syndrome occurs after a heart attack or heart surgery. The immune response to damaged heart tissue can cause inflammation of the pericardium.

Medications and Radiation Therapy

Certain medications and therapies can induce pericarditis as a side effect. Notably:

• Anticoagulants: Medications that prevent blood clotting can lead to pericardial effusion and subsequent inflammation.
• Cancer Treatments: Radiation therapy and chemotherapeutic agents targeted at the chest can increase the risk of developing pericarditis.

Idiopathic Cases

In many situations, the exact cause of pericarditis remains unknown, categorized as idiopathic. These instances highlight the complexity and variations of the condition.

Conclusion

Understanding the common causes of pericarditis is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. If you experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or a feeling of pressure in the chest, seek medical attention promptly. Awareness of potential triggers can help manage and mitigate the impact of this condition.