Valvular heart disease is a condition that affects the heart's valves, which are crucial for regulating blood flow within the heart and to the rest of the body. Understanding what causes valvular heart disease is vital for prevention and effective management.

One of the most common causes of valvular heart disease is age-related wear and tear. As individuals age, the heart valves may become calcified, making them stiffer and less effective at opening and closing properly. This calcification primarily affects the aortic valve, leading to a condition known as aortic stenosis.

Infective endocarditis is another major cause. It occurs when bacteria or other microorganisms enter the bloodstream and attach to the heart valves, resulting in inflammation and damage. This condition can lead to severe complications, including valve dysfunction.

Rheumatic fever, a complication of untreated strep throat, is a significant cause of valvular heart disease, especially in developing countries. This inflammatory disease can cause scarring of the heart valves, leading to conditions such as mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation.

Congenital heart defects are another source of valvular heart disease. Some individuals are born with structural abnormalities in the heart valves, which may lead to issues later in life. For example, aortic valve abnormalities can lead to aortic regurgitation or stenosis.

Additionally, certain medical conditions can increase the risk of developing valvular heart disease. Conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can all affect the integrity of the heart valves.

In some cases, lifestyle factors play a role in the development of valvular heart disease. Chronic diseases such as obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can contribute to cardiovascular problems, including valve issues.

Moreover, radiation therapy for cancers in the chest area may also lead to valvular heart disease as the heart valves can become damaged from exposure to radiation.

In summary, valvular heart disease can arise from a variety of factors, including aging, infections, inflammatory diseases, congenital defects, and lifestyle choices. Recognizing these causes can aid in early diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving heart health.